Archives of Case Reports

ISSN: 2637-3793

Case Report

Meige Trofoedema: A form of primary lymphedema

Carlos Al Sanchez Salguero*

Professor of Pediatric, Paediatric Department, Medicine School of Cádiz University Hospital Puerto Real, Spain

*Address for Correspondence: Carlos Al Sanchez Salguero, Professor of Pediatric, Paediatric Department, Medicine School of Cádiz University Hospital Puerto Real, Spain, Tel: 0034956480912; Email: libraygeminis@hotmail.com

Dates: Submitted: 12 April 2018; Approved: 23 April 2018; Published: 24 April 2018

How to cite this article: Salguero CAS. Meige Trofoedema: A form of primary lymphedema. Arch Case Rep. 2018; 2: 010-014. DOI: 10.29328/journal.acr.1001007

Copyright License: © 2018 Salguero CAS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords: Lymphedema; Indirect radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy; Trofoedema; Meige´s disease

Abbreviations: MCV: Medium Corpuscular Volume; MCH: Medium Corpuscular Hormone; Hg: Hemoglobin; Hto: Hematocrit; ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; TSH: Thyroid Stimulating Rate; ACTH: Adenocorticotrofin Hormone; GH: Growth Hormone

We report the case of a 10-year-old male patient was admitted to the Pediatric Service of our Hospital to present a picture of edema of the right foot 3 months and had not referred pain, functional disability or impairment of ambulation, and fever, initially disappearing with rest and worsens with exercise to become permanent in recent weeks. Had been previously assessed by the trauma that ruled bone disease and disorders of the talar joint.

On arrival at our department with a scan weight 46 kg (P90-97), height 140 cm. (P 50) with a Body Mass Index of 23.47 (P 95-97). Good condition. Precast skin well without rash or petechiae. Pasty oral mucosa. Normal oropharynx. Normal otoscopy. Neck with good mobility. Cardiac: pure tones and rhythm, without murmurs auscultated. Respiratory: symmetrical air entry bilaterally with no pathological sounds auscultated. Abdomen soft, pitting, no masses or organ enlargement. No tenderness. Blumberg negative. Renal Puñopercusión negative. Normal peristalsis. Male genitalia with testes in normoconformados bag. Neurological system: no meningeal signs or neck stiffness, sensory lucid, normal muscle strength and tone in all limbs, normal pedis patellar reflexes, no focal neurologic signs.

Edema is noted on the back of the right foot with the presence of pressing 2 + fovea. No cyanosis of the fingers or acral parts. Pedal pulses present but weak in tone. Blood pressure 120/85 mmHg (P 75) (Figures 1 and 2). Diameter measurements were made of left and right upper limb with a difference of 0.7 mm, and measure the diameter of the lower limbs with a difference of 2cm.

After the initial assessment data were collected personal medical history in which the patient had a proper vaccination schedule, no food or drug allergies, and family background in the presence of a sibling diagnosed with benign familial hematuria.

Among the tests performed showed the presence of microcytic blood count, VCM73.6 fl (n:80-94) and hypochromia, MCH 23.7 pg (n = 27-31), with htes 5120000 / mcl, Hg 12.1 g/Htco dl and 37.7%. The leucocits count and platelets were normal for what was initially ruled out an infectious process continued. ESR were determined from 22 mm in 1st hour (1-10) and 46 mm in the 2nd hour (4-22) with Katz Index of 22.50. Coagulation studies including prothrombin activity, Fibrinogen and Tromboplastin Activity normal.

In the biochemical study showed glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, liver enzymes, LDH, ions and normal Reactive C Protein. Normal total protein (7 g/dl) with normal C3 and C4 (147 and 31.7 mg / dl). In protein electrophoresis showed albumin, fraction alpha 1, beta, beta 2 standard Alfa 2 fraction was high: 13.3% (7.1-11.8) and decreased gammafraction:9.9%(11.1-18.8).

Study was conducted urine sediment with presence of microhematuria, mucopolysaccharides negative, negative urine culture and renal function in the school with diuresis of 600 cc/day with normal parameters. Hormones TSH, ACTH, cortisol and GH normal. Negative antinuclear Ab.

Among the imaging tests and chest X-ray showed normal members; Echocardiography no pathological findings, renal ultrasonography: normal with no signs of obstructive uropathy or renal stones, Arterial Doppler ultrasound of the right leg: no sonographic evidence of arterial insufficiency, or significant arterial stenosis, absence of deep vein thrombosis or signs of venous valvular insufficiency. Faced with the possibility of lymphedema diagnosis was performed indirect isotopic lymphoscintigraphy of both lower limbs after intradermal injection of 99mTc Nano colloid digital, which is appreciated and preserved normal migration wide left limb, whereas in the right lower limb showed a decreased radiocolloid lymphatic migration and slowed (Figure 3).

After initial evaluation by the Pediatric Surgical Services and Rehabilitation measures recommended to the patient conservative therapy with physical exercises that allow adequate drainage of lymph accumulated in the distal leg, direct massage on the affected limb and gradual compression stockings.

Fischer hypothesized that the rate of skin flow originated from the intrinsic contraction segments deep lymphatic collectors are transmitted by micro lymphatic surface through deep channels incompetent.

The normal function of the lymphatic system is to return proteins, lipids and water from the interstitium to the intravascular space. Lymphedema is the result of the failure of this transport with subsequent accumulation of lymphatic fluid, especially in the extremities [1,2]. The clinical presentation appears as a swelling in the foot or ankle of a limb increases with heat, fatigue, exercise progressively less and less reducible, until it finally stabilizes. But always keeps a high standard and is the absence of pain.

Lymphedema can be primary or secondary. Primary lymphedema is subdivided congenital lymphedema, lymphedema early or late depending on the age of onset. These are often sporadic, with no family history and almost always affects one lower extremity [3-5].

High hydrostatic pressures in the arterial capillary force the protein out into the interstitial fluid, causing an increased interstitial oncotic pressure [6]. About 90% of the liquid returns to the circulation through the venous capillaries. The remaining 10% is composed of high molecular weight protein and its corresponding oncotic associated water, which flows into the lymph capillaries [7]. In the pathological state of capillary lymphatic transport capacity is reduced [8-10].

Although it is uncommon to use test for the diagnosis, some methods are used to confirm the diagnosis, to determine the residual lymphatic function, set preferences for treatment and to evaluate therapy. Lymphangiography was the gold standard for evaluating the lymphatic system for many years, although its use was abandoned because it caused inflammatory reactions in the endothelium of lymphatic vessels, with potential to cause scarring, atrophy, and obstruction of the lumen. It has now been replaced by less invasive techniques such as lymphoscintigraphy or lymphoscintigraphy, which is used to define the anatomy and patency, evaluate the dynamics of flow and reverse flow and determine the severity of the obstruction [11,12]. Computerized Tomography scan is used in cases of suspected malignancy, as are the tests that give more information [14].

One of the main differential diagnosis is the lipedema caused by subcutaneous fat deposition associated with edema, which is characteristic of females, bilateral and symmetrical foot minimum commitment.

Therapeutic measures should be initially conservative avoiding any engagement factor of the skin, tight clothes and excessive heat, must limit physical activity violent or repetitive movements to be appropriate swimming with a water temperature exceeding 28º C and exercises isotonic (walking, biking, swimming).

There must be a manual lymphatic drainage. The movements must be distal to proximal, soft and slow to less affected areas, with daily or weekly sessions and ending with a bandage bandages low extensibility. External compression is done with measures such as compression bandage bandages used multilayer rigid, non-adhesive elastic bandages [15], including compression therapy, vacuum pump and graduated compression boots (good outcome in patients with incipient lymphedema unorganized or Grade I) and compression devices [16]. The use of diuretics is not indicated and surgery is usually palliative therapy although one of the most innovative techniques being used are autologous transplantation of lymphoid tissue [17].